Secrets and the Scarlet Letter

â€Å"A secret between two is God's secret, between three is all men’s. †-Spanish Proverb. Secrets are not meant for being told. Usually everyone is supposed to take secrets â€Å"to their grave. † In certain circumstances, they must be told. Even though you’re thwarting your own honor by telling a secret, sometimes it must be done. In most cases, secrets should be kept, but in The Scarlet Letter, there are some that need to be told. There's nothing more powerful than finding someone safe to tell â€Å"the secret† to. No one knows how hard it is, unless they've been there. Your heart pounds, your body is rock rigid, you grind your teeth, your mouth is dry. You think of all the excuses to keep your mouth shut. They'll get mad. They'll laugh. They'll reject you. They'll treat it like it was nothing and tell you to forget about it. Or worse: they'll be polite, nod their head like they understand, leave and not ever have anything to do with you again. Even then, the depth of doubt, self-hate, fear and insecurity is so strong, that even after you tell even to someone who's been through it too you leave and wonder, did I say too much? Did I do the right thing? Will they hate me? Only experience lets you know your trust wasn't for nothing. In the Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, and Arthur Dimmesdale all have secrets. They will do whatever they can to keep their secrets a secret. Except for Hester, whose secret has been made public by her wearing the scarlet letter A. Arthur Dimmesdale’s secret is the most lethal. He is keeping his secret to protect his reputation even though it’s eating away at him and keeping him from what he wants most; Hester. For example, in chapter 17 page 182, we are told that Dimmesdale’s secret has taken hold of his life and made him a miserable man. â€Å"There is no substance in it! It is cold and dead, and can do nothing for me! Of penance I have had enough! Of penitence there has been none! Else, I should long ago have thrown off these garments of mock holiness, and have shown myself to mankind as they will see me at the judgment-seat. Happy are you, Hester, that wear the scarlet letter openly upon your bosom! Mine burns in secret! Thou little knowest what a relief it is, after the torment of a seven years' cheat, to look into an eye that recognizes me for what I am! † Dimmesdale’s secret should be told because then he won’t feel so guilty and his shame and hypocrisy will not eat him alive. It also isn’t fair to Pearl that she has no father and won’t be able to have one because of Dimmesdale’s secret. She has no knowledge of him being her father because of what he had to do to protect his name. Girls should have a father figure in their lives, Pearl never had that opportunity. Roger Chillingworth also exhibits secrecy. He’s keeping his identity a secret because he wants to find out who Hester’s acquaintance was and he also wants to protect his high reputation as well. It isn’t right for him to keep his identity a secret because it’s putting other people in harm’s way which is a circumstance when secrets need to be told. The torture he’s doing to Dimmesdale isn’t dignified and un-puritan like. In chapter 14, Chillingworth says â€Å"I have left thee to the scarlet letter, if that have not avenged me I can do more! † This quote says that Chillingworth is willing to do more to Dimmesdale and make him suffer more which is making Chillingworth’s secret deeper because the more he does that Hester knows about, the more guilt she feels about keeping his identity a secret from Dimmesdale. His secret should be told because it goes against moral values of the puritans. In some cases, secrets shouldn’t be told. Those who keep a secret keep themselves moral. Keeping a secret and respecting the secrets of others, as opposed to prying into them, is a virtue of self discipline and sensitivity. The heart can be seen as a safe for keeping secrets. Intelligence is the lock, and will power is the key. Keeping secrets is important for your dignity, pride, and personal gain. In response to The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne is the only one who knows the secrets that Dimmesdale and Chillingworth are hiding from the townsfolk. Hester has to control her desire to tell the truth and practices the art of deception to hide these secrets. When she will not reveal the father of Pearl, Reverend Dimmesdale says, â€Å"She will not speak. † It is ironic that the person who committed the sin with Hester is the one who announces publicly that she will not reveal the name of the other sinner. Later, Chillingworth wants to know who it is and he says, â€Å"Thou wilt not reveal his name? † Hester refuses and continues to hold her silence. Then, Chillingworth, still trying to find out the name of her lover, comments, â€Å". . . but Hester, the man lives who has wronged us both! Who is he? † When he says this, he is hinting that he is going to do something to Dimmesdale. This is why Hester makes Chillingworth promise not to kill her lover if he finds out his identity. Chillingworth deserves to know who slept with his wife, although Hester should not have had to tell him. I think that Dimmesdale should have admitted that he was Pearl's father. Today, if a priest admitted such a crime, he would probably be sent to jail. However, in the novel, had Dimmesdale confessed, the townsfolk would have liked him even more. Hester also has to live with, and conceal, the secret that Chillingworth is her husband. When he comes to visit her in jail he says, â€Å"Thou hast kept the secret of thy paramour. Keep, likewise, mine! There are none in this land that know me. Breathe not, to any soul, that thou didst ever call me husband. † Hester shows great strength of character by her ability to keep the secret identities of her lover and her husband. There must have been times when the temptation to reveal her secrets was overwhelming, but she managed to do so. There are times when secrets must stay secrets and times when they should be told. The Scarlet Letter is an allegory for secrets. Chillingworth and Dimmesdale’s secrets should be told because they’re doing things for the wrong reasons and hurting either themselves or those around them. It was right for Hester to keep secrets throughout the book because she was looking out for herself, Pearl, and Dimmesdale and would do anything to make sure they weren’t in harm’s way of Chillingworth’s wrath. When it comes to secrets, to each their own. With different situations comes different ways to handle the condition and decide whether or not a secret should be held in or expressed for the world to hear. In most cases, secrets should be kept, but in The Scarlet Letter, there are some that need to be told.

Marshall & Gordon

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Assignment 2 Marshall & Gordon: Designing an Effective Compensation System Situational Analysis Paul Nasr is the president of Morgan Stanley (MG) who has nearly 20 years of experience in the capital markets business. He assumed the leadership of the newly created Capital Markets Services division. The Capital Markets division is an interdisciplinary entity created to serve as a link between the Investment Banking division and the sales and trading arms of the firm, Equity and Fixed Income.The division is created to provide the clients with more focused attention and service. The employees in this division were also expected to generate business from organizations that were not previously clients of Morgan Stanley. Nasr hired Parson who is a successful, young banker and has a proven track record in the financial sector. He believed Parson is the right person in growing the capital market services arm of the firm. Parson had ten years of experience and possess es strong relationships in the banking and insurance industries.He didn’t have the Ivy League background that other employees in Morgan Stanley had had but he has the required experience working in bank and investment houses. He quickly rose up the ranks to become the Managing Director of a small firm. He is assigned the title of Principal and is expected to give analytical solutions to complex problems, have good client relations, understand the clients’ objectives and constraints and identify and create business opportunities for MG. He should possess excellent negotiation skills and also be a team supervisor and leader of the Investment Banking Department. 60O FEEDBACK PROCESS This process is a feedback solicited from superiors, peers, subordinates and internal clients as well as self-evaluation of an employee to gauge his/her performance. The inputs from this feedback helps in understanding and quantifying an employee’s strength, his/her deficiencies as well as gives cues for required developmental trainings and appraisal/promotion. This process minimizes the perceptional evaluation from a single source and gives a sense of ownership and fair judgment to one’s self perception.During the performance evaluation before his supposed promotion to the managing director or partner of the firm, Parson is credited for his good marketing skills, knowledge of the market and product, aggressiveness in making the deals with clients, his ability to cross-sell products to the clients. But he also got some very negative comments for being judgmental, not being a team player, not being professional at times. Nasr, though, defended that Parson is still young in MG and needed time to align himself with the firm’s values. Problem DefinitionNasr is staring down the barrel on whether to promote Parson as a Managing Director/Partner of the firm or give him more time. He also did not want to lose Parson who might leave the firm if he did not get the promotion. Options Nasr has three ways of coming out of this quagmire: a. Promote Parson and assume that he will get better with time. b. Hold his promotion till the next evaluation and give him a chance to overcome his shortcomings. c. Terminate his employment because his work doesn’t align with the firm’s core values. Evaluation Criteria:The following criteria should be used to evaluate the options available to make a fair decision: a. The employee should be result-oriented b. He should have good interpersonal skills c. He should bring new business to the firm d. He should be able to win the confidence of the clients e. He should possess both the market and product knowledge f. Understand the needs of the clients and utilize his market knowledge to work with the product specialists in providing a new product g. He should be a good team player h. He must possess good analytical skills to solve complex issues. Evaluation of Options a. ) Promote ParsonRob Parson is an excellent employee who has turned around the Capital Markets Services division in Morgan Stanley in an unconventional way and brought in new business through his aggressive marketing skills. He is instrumental in improving the market share from 10th position to 3rd position, during which the market share rose from 2% to a substantial 12. 2%. Since the division is new, he had to adopt these methods to win the clients’ trust. He introduced clients to his colleagues and also is able to cross-sell products. He might not always be social given his responsibilities but he is not antagonistic towards anyone.Moreover, Parson acknowledges that he is poor at self-promotion and is not in sync with the organization’s goals. b. ) Hold his promotion Nasr is in a position of responsibility and authority. If he chose to promote Robert Parson just on the basis of results, it would create a wrong precedent to other employees that they can bypass the Morgan Stanley culture and still get promoted. In addition, Rob Parson is personally recruited by Nasr and, giving a promotion to Parson despite the interpersonal issues indicates adaption of unfair practices in the performance evaluation.Also, the newly implemented 360-degree feedback stresses on culture of the firm rather than goal orientation. In this case, Parson is more goal-oriented than organization-oriented. So, his promotion being put on hold could be a viable option at this juncture. c. ) Terminate his employment Parson came from a background where he ought to be more result-oriented than being a cultural-fit in pursuing his goals. By adapting this strategy, he had created an internal notion that employees can bypass the core values of an organization to achieve one’s goals.This could undermine the very working culture of the firm and would lead to internal conflicts within the employees. So, his employment could be terminated to maintain the stability within the organization. Recommendation It can be concluded that he is a valuable asset to the firm given his contributions and should be promoted to the Managing Director position. He could undergo trainings on team building and interpersonal skills to further improve himself. The 360-degree performance evaluation can be used to give feedback to Parson on both his strengths and areas where improvement is needed.

Symbolism on why people wear figuritive masks in front of others Essay

Symbolism on why people wear figuritive masks in front of others - Essay Example Since most of my old high school mates have moved away, I will instead visit the Westfield Gateway Mall. Since malls do not change much I expect to see familiar scenes during the night. I will take notes on a notebook which will include all activities which seem familiar and new ones that seem interesting (Metz and Mauk, 34). I will then use the most interesting of my notes to write my invention essay. My only concern in writing g this essay is that since the Westfield Gateway Mall is such a large place I may miss many interesting and new things due to lack of time. I visited the Westfield Gateway Mall one evening in order to make my observations. The Westfield Gateway Mall is packed with lines of cars in the huge parking lot. The doors are made of creative designs which seem to invite you into the bowels of the mall. The building gives off different feelings from its decor. The side of the building ranges from bumpy to smooth while the lights are in a variety of luminous green and y ellow to deep azures and purple. The mall is located within the Los Angeles District. The people, the places and the decor comprise what is the essence of Westfield Gateway Mall. Many different activities take place within the mall though not all are in plain sight. It takes an observant eye to see some of the subtle hints. I walk into the inviting sliding doors and head to the food counter attracted by the sweet aroma of fried chicken. As I walk inside I can instinctively sense eyes boring into my back though I meet turned heads when I turn around. I stand in line next to a teenage couple who can’t stop whispering into each others ears. Well the guy can’t stop talking into the girl’s ears while the girl seemed to have an absent look yet pretended to giggle at his every word. I get my burgers and head to a shiny table to savor the environment. Eating my burger, I look up at the numerous tables spread around the eatery and the kids screaming and scampering all ov er the place. At a table next to me are two ladies who were chatting while the husband talked on the phone with a blank look. I got interested in the blank look of the husband and started analyzing it more. It seemed to me that the husband was merely playing down the seriousness of the conversation for the sake of his wife. It seemed as if he was saying something he did not want his wife to hear though he did not want to leave the table as he was afraid of arousing suspicion. Meanwhile a birthday party is going on full swing at the corner of the eatery. One of the women pretends to be unconcerned when the children run to the party and attempt to grab the pieces of the cake. She wears a face of nonchalance though it is obvious to me that she is embarrassed at her child’s behavior. This is proved by the fact that she seems rooted to her seat and makes no attempt to go to restrain the misbehaving child. In the meantime I notice a waiter who I guessed to be in his mid twenties cl eaning out tables as patrons depart and come in. A family of three with a teenage daughter was seated two tables away. I observed the teenage daughter cast furtive glances at the young waiter though she vehemently denied any such thing when the father reprimanded her. This reminded me of my childhood memories when I was reprimanded for truancy and denied it yet it was clear for all to see my guilt. I go and lean on a railing to watch the steady stream of people coming and

Cognitive Strategy Instruction as it relates to teaching math to Research Paper

Cognitive Strategy Instruction as it relates to teaching math to adolescents, specifically those with mild learning disabilities - Research Paper Example In addition, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics of 2000 backs offering all the youths equal access to the concepts of mathematics (Montague & Jitendra, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the cognitive strategy instruction as it relates to teaching math to adolescent students with mild learning disabilities. Students with mild learning disabilities generally often have difficulties in achieving the standards of academic content and excelling in the assessments. Particularly, students with mild learning disabilities usually have difficulties with algebraic reasoning, mathematics basic skills, and problem solving skills. Majority of these students struggle with the means of approaching mathematics problems, carrying out selected plans, and making effective decisions. An effective approach to aid adolescent students with mild learning disabilities in accessing challenging concepts of mathematics is to offer strategy instruction (Montague & Jitendra, 2009). This p aper therefore defines cognitive strategy instructions, identifies significant features of effective cognitive strategies, and identifies key contents necessary for instructing adolescent students with mild learning disabilities in the use of the cognitive strategy.... of the required actions and consists of essential rules and guidelines that are related to making effective decisions during the process of solving problems. Some of the features of cognitive strategy instruction that make such strategies effective for adolescent students with mild learning disabilities include: devices of memory that help the students master the strategy; steps of the strategy using common words and are stated concisely and simply beginning with action verbs in order to enhance involvement and participation of students; steps of strategy are appropriately sequenced and lead to the intended outcome; steps of the strategy using prompts in order to get students apply their cognitive abilities; and metacognitive strategies using prompts in order to monitor performance of problem solving (Ruya, 2009). There are various such cognitive strategy instructions such as evidence based practice and STAR as will be explained in this paper. These cognitive strategy instructions ar e instructional methods that have been applied in multiple tasks in the academics, and have previously provided a way for educators to facilitate student independence competence across secondary, elementary and post secondary settings. Cognitive strategy instruction entails a strong base of evidence and employs systematic and explicit procedures of instructions that have extensively been validated and can be used flexibly. Cognitive strategy instruction as an instructional approach emphasizes the development of processes and skills of thinking as a way to promote learning. For example, the evidence based practice strategy enables students with mild learning disabilities to learn spelling words initially unknown to them and allow them to use techniques of self correction. Cognitive strategy

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) - Essay Example According to studies, the price of RFID will approach $0.05-0.10 if purchased in bulk. When this trend continues, it would not be long before the market will lean towards the RFID due to cost-effectiveness, thus, possibly defeating the role of barcodes that are widely used for commercial purposes with about 5 billion worldwide occurrences daily. One of the organisations that are working to regularise RFID is the EPCGlobal Inc., which is a cooperative effort between UCC and EAN. These are the two parties responsible for the application of barcodes in the U.S. and Europe market (RSA Security, 2004b). Through the advantages brought about by the RFID, problems in the privacy of consumers are raised by certain groups. Concerns on the possibility of detecting the possessions of the consumers without their knowledge are the main objective of these groups. If access of being able to detect and read the RFID were given to the wrong hands, possibility such as robbery and other crimes is at hand. Also, the business groups perceive the possibility of RFID being a tool for company surveillance. As a possible answer to the security issues, RSA Security provides ways to validate RFID readers and to be able to make protected internal transactions (RSA Security, 2004a). The Radio-F... Upon activation from the reading device, the RFID tag sends a signal which can be translated as a distinct number that can identify the particular item. In this effect, the RFID tag does not require a power source because it can be considered as inert and works only when stimulated. There are already practical uses of this technology. One application is for proximity cards that are used more conveniently than metal keys. Other examples include payment devices such as Speedpass, E-Z Pass and FasTrak. Another advantage is for identification of lost pets wherein RFID tags implanted through surgical procedure can be scanned to be able to determine the owner even if other sorts of identification are lost (RSA Security, 2004b). Basic System Schematic Source: RF-ID.com Important technologies led to the development of the RFID. One invention that can be related to the evolution of this technology is the apparatus for the Soviet government with the main purpose of surveillance made by Lon Theremin in 1945. It works through a process similar to the RFID wherein activation was possible through the intercepted radio waves and audio information. According to references, technology applied in the RFID was present in the 1920s although it was also stated that such application was just discovered in the 1960s (AIM, n.d). Another technology that may have an influence in the RFID development was the IFF transponder in 1939 that belongs to the British and was used during the World War II. Using this technology, they were able to determine whether airplanes are enemies and which are allies. In the study of RFID, one of the earliest people who made interest on the technology is Harry Stockman in his work "Communication by Means of Reflected

German course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

German course - Essay Example P. 133). However, through his speech, people got to understand that they can do better. Luther believed in salvation as a gift out of God’s grace. However, he made people understand that salvation cannot be received without faith. His way of translating the bible as well as criticizing the Hebrews was outstanding. His work that is manifested in his life changes Christian theology. This formed the basis of Christian movements in Europe which later spread to all parts of the world (Carson, 2007. P. 72). In addition, his speech opened up people’s minds and their view on Roman Catholic Church. However, his main achievement could be said to be the German Peasant Rebellion. This enabled people to think critically but positively about their economic status. This has changed people minds from achieving the minimum to excellent achievers (Carson, 2007. P. 54). Martin Luther was, is and will always remain a prominent figure in the

Forthcoming Enlargement of European Union Essay

Forthcoming Enlargement of European Union - Essay Example As the experience of enlargements demonstrates what was beneficial for one members put the others in front of challenges. As 2007 will obviously be the time for Black-sea basin countries to join the Union, their joining will have the profound effects on Mediterranean basin as a whole, particularly on Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal that are already EU members (Dauderstdt, 2003). The Mediterranean region has always been one of the most specific and vulnerable areas on the planet (Lannon and Maresceau, 2001). Being the cradle of world civilization, Mediterranean countries, particularly Middle East and Northern African states (East and South Mediterranean), have also been the homes for world's major problems associated with terrorism, migration, drug and human trafficking and crimes. Also these countries are out of this research analysis, their factor need to be included while assessing specificity of the region and effects EU forthcoming enlargement may have on the EU-Mediterranean members. Additionally, the Balkan states also sharing Mediterranean basin and remaining one of the most problematic "hot spots" in Europe can not be underestimated (Aydin, 2004). With concern of the role of Mediterranean basin in the global politics EU has a specific program for the region (The EU's Mediterranean & Middle East Policy, 2005) In this project I will evaluate... I will provide the all-round analysis of effects of EU enlargement on existing member-states which includes political, socio-economic, and other angles. General effects on EU enlargement on current Mediterranean member-states The challenge of Eastern European states preparing to join the EU for current members is historic not only because it will enlarge the boarders of the Union but primarily because it will align two different types of cultures. Historically Europe has never been homogeneous; the most common understanding implies coexistence of at least two different "Europes", i.e.: Western and Eastern Europe (Dauderstdt, 2003). The watershed between "two Europes" is historical, cultural, economical, political, yet, mental. Most conventionally they are contrasted as catholic and protestant vs. orthodox countries, capitalist states vs. former communist entities, and democracies vs. totalitarian states. Turkey is an exception here as its major difference from the rest of the Europe is religions and mentality-related (Lannon and Maresceau, 2001). In the recent decade the EU will be joined by a group of countries which are dramatically different from the rest of the Europe (Welfens, 2004). However hereinafter I will directly address two countries for which the integration into EU seems to be the most probable, i.e.: Romania and Bulgaria. I will indicate specially when other countries (Turkey and Croatia) will be included in research analysis Both states, as mentioned before, are located in the eastern Mediterranean (Black-sea) basin; they both are orthodox Christian states that represent the former Soviet camp. In a word, they are

US Airways Group - At the Back of the Pack Essay

US Airways Group - At the Back of the Pack - Essay Example Ever since the industry was deregulated in 1978 intense competition and price gauging has made profitability increasingly difficult for the airline industry in general. After the stock market crash of 2008 and the economic recession that followed coupled with rising fuel costs were the direct cause of several airlines having to file for bankruptcy protection (Plunkett Research, 2010). The airline companies that survived the onslaught were presented with a volatile and fluctuating operating environment of rising fuel and energy costs, coupled with a decreased demand for passenger travel in general and negative impact on revenues mainly as a direct result of the economic downturn. The rising costs have cut the margins in the industry so much that current the average net margin in the airline industry is two percent. The period of 2008 and 2009 remained a very challenging period for all the airlines with most of them struggling to remain profitable. For 2010 with the slow economic recovery businesses as well as private travel has increased significantly in volume, so occupancy rates in general for the airline industry have been full. When airlines are able to fill the seats of their airplanes to full capacity the company is optimizing the productivity of the operation. When the latter occurs and companies have idle capacity issues airlines have to take drastic measures to fill those seats which includes price deductions to spur the demand for air travel. After the previous years of consecutive losses the airline industry in general returned to profitability. U.S. Airways just like any other domestic airline is subject to a complicated array of laws and regulations that limit their operations as well dramatically increasing their operating costs. With the advent of the Aviation and Transportation security Act of 2001 which mandated the standardization and federalization of airport security and mandated additional security procedures which increased operational costs tremendously airlines had to absorb the costs and imposed a per passenger tax on ticket sales in order to fund the additional security measures. The Federal Aviation A dministration is the federal agency responsible for regulating the airline industry operations, procedures and their operational safety, including aircraft maintenance. The FAA will regularly issue new directives and changes in maintenance schedules and procedures which create mandated operational costs that are also a factor in increasing airline operational expenses. Other proposals to address airport congestion in certain airports in the U.S. involve increasing pricing to take into account congestion or placing a tax on certain particularly congested airports. This could potentially affect the airline industry in the near future by further increasing the costs of passengers to travel if these changes or suggestions are placed into law (Datamonitor, 2010). Further regulations and government legislation concerning pollution, climate change and aircraft emissions also post a significant operational threat to the airline industry as a whole. In the list of Fortune 1,000 : Most admire d companies 2006, U.S. Airways Group was consistently ranked lowest in all the eight key attributes that were taken into account. U.S. Airways Group achieved an overall score of 3.25 placing it as the least admired airline out of all the major competitors. For this survey U.S. Airways was ranked last in the industry in four of the eight

Phil 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phil 3 - Essay Example This idea was suggested by the representatives of positivism, namely Ludwig Wittgenstein, who stated that things and events in a certain life can have meaning but life itself is meaningless. Simply stated, such context implies that the life of a person has certain meaning for itself and for others in the shape of events happening within it and the results of this very life embodied by achievements, heritage and ancestors. This theory, to my mind, has reason, as it is rather fare to define meaningfulness of a person’s life based on the actions and achievements. I think that the meaning of life based on such theory could be estimated both in positive and negative way: for instance, a person who devotes his or her life to crimes and destruction also therefore grants the meaning to it – evil proves to be the meaning of life, but it actually exists, even such life is meaningful. On the other hand, there are people whose lives acquire meaning through positive actions and even ts (at least, the positive dominates). For the second type we could provide two movies as an example. They are Amelie and Ikiru. The first one is Amelie, the French movie telling the life story of a girl working as a waitress and living in modern Paris. Amelie felt that something important was about to happen in her life, that’s why, being encouraged and inspired by this premonition, she gladly helped people to add joy and color to their lives. Once she found toys in the cache of her bathroom, they belonged to a â€Å"boy† who used to live in that apartment in 1950s – she found him and brought the toys back to him (he was already an elderly man). There were many things she did for others like writing a love letter to a neighbor on behalf of her husband, readjusting the alarm clock of a wicked greengrocer, substitution of shoes and toothpaste etc. Amelie lives with an open heart ready to lend a helping hand, to give

Kingdom of God Essay Example for Free

Kingdom of God Essay Describing what is meant by the Kingdom of God can be very complex, because so many people has set forth to describe this phrase to the best of their own knowledge, and generally each of these descriptions differs. Personally, besides the many verses in the Bible that are relative to the subject, it is best described by Donald B. Kraybill. In Kraybill’s novel â€Å"The Upside-down Kingdom† he writes; â€Å"The Kingdom of God is a collectivity—a network of persons who have yielded their hearts and relationships to the reign of God. † â€Å"He also notes that people must enter the kingdom because it is a state of affairs rather than a state of mind (p.19).† The Kingdom then, represents God’s power of ruling, his authority, and basically his government. â€Å"His disciples asked him what this parable meant. He said, the knowledge of the secrets of the kingdom of God has been given to you, but to others I speak in parables† (Luke 8:9, 10). Unless an individual is a born again Christian he will not understand the secrets of the Kingdom of God. The Jewish sects Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and Zealots are noted as being developed during the time of the second temple through the tenth century. This is the period that it seems that the Jewish sects were most generative. The Jewish people noted only three philosophical sects which are Pharisees, Sadducees and Essenes, of the three Essenes is noted as being the one with the most severe discipline. According to Josephus, [War of the Jews] 1 chapter 8.2 Pharisees, Essenes, Sadducees, Zealots were divided into three groups which were criminal, nationalist and Philosophical (religious). The Sadducees and the Pharisees really seem to be as religious as they were political. History tells us that in ancient societies political and religious laws were pretty much the same. Moreover, the Sadducees and the Pharisees did seem to have a bit more interest in that of political power than what was religiously correct. This we know was absolutely not pleasing to our God. â€Å"Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever† (Hebrew 13:8). Regardless to the ways and or the thoughts of the Sadducees, Pharisees, Essenes and the Zealots one thing that remains the same and will never change is the fact that our God does not change his mind or act indifferent towards his children regardless of the mishaps that we may allow ourselves to experience. â€Å"Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God† (Romans 13, 1). This verse pretty much says it all when referring to the political convictions discussed by Josephus, God is in control of all situations regardless to whether it is written in the Old or New Testament. According to Josephus, the Zealots were described as political and grouped as nationalists. However, it seemed that their religious beliefs were indivisible from their political convictions. Moreover, this is not an indication that all of the sects of the second temple were more political than religious, the truth of the matter is that there was not much partition between the two. The Essenes, Sadducees and the Pharisees stand out to more people than the rest of the sects because it is said that they were supposedly better known to people than the rest of the sects, and some people seem to think that the Pharisees were forefathers of the Rabbis. The Sadducees; were differ ent in their own way, they were not the Jewish people that simply did not believe in resurrection, nor did they believe that heaven exists. Strangely, the Sadducees were of the group that only accepted the Torah, as authoritative, this strange group of individuals were known to not be very popular with the rest of the Jewish population. â€Å"For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, nor angel, nor spirit, but the Pharisees acknowledge them all† (Acts 23:8). During or around the time of 2nd century B.C there existed a monastic Jewish sect that was referred to as the Essenes. They were known to reside somewhere not far from the Dead Sea. They were pretty much isolated from the entire Jewish community. Notably, the Essenes seemed to have had closer relationships towards each other than any other sects, and were said to be Jewish by birth. The Essenes neglected matrimony but choose out of other families children to be of their family and transformed them according to their personal likings, and had a huge amount of respect and obedience for their elders. If at any time they complained against their elders or authorities they would be expelled from their community, more strangely than that if an elder was even touched by a younger person they were casted as being dirty. There is an overwhelming amount of information that openly describes how the Messianic expectation of the various sects, differs from the Messianic role that Jesus presented. Examples would be as follows; The Essenes was known as a Jewish religious sect and was in fact not mentioned in the Bible, but was indeed mentioned on the Dead Sea Scrolls. This particular group adapted to their life according to the law of the Jews, and they opposed Temple priesthood. The Pharisees were different because they were more of a prominent sect of Jewish people in the time of Christ. They were in disagreement with Jesus and his teachings. â€Å"But the Pharisees went out and plotted how they might kill Jesus† (Mathew 12:14). The Pharisees had absolutely no love for Jesus and felt that the world would be a better place without him obviously. The Sadducees were additionally, another renowned Jewish religious sect. Their beliefs differed in another way because they only accepted more hideous things like the laws and rejections of the oral traditions; which included immortality of the soul; denial of body resurrection and existence of the spirit world. In addition, they supported families of Jewish patriots of the first and second centuries B.C. whom were totally active in the liberation of Judea from the Syrian rule. Lastly, we will discuss the difference in the Zealots concerning the Messianic expectations. The Zealots will take a total twist here from the above mentioned sects. The reason being is because according to the Bible Simon was a Zealot â€Å"Matthew, Thomas, James, son of Alphaeus, Simon who was called the Zealot† (Luke 6:15). The Zealots preferred armed mutiny against Rome, in doing so they thought that God would deliver Israel with the sword. Faithfully, acknowledging the Spirit of Jesus, he {Jesus} is lead into the wilderness for the sole intention of being tempted by the devil. â€Å"He was with the wild animals, and angels attended him† (Mark 1:13). This place of wilderness was not fit for human life, water was accessible but it was an unpopulated region. â€Å"When tempted, no one should say, God is tempting me, for God cannot be tempted by the devil, nor does he tempt anyone† (James 1:13), but instead, Jesus is lead, into a situation by the devil that could possibly tempt him. Jesus teaches us to pray that we are not lead into temptations, but yet he is lead into temptations while on earth so this is what the devil set out to do, which was take Jesus through the test of temptations. References Kraybill, Donald B. The Upside Down Kingdom Revised Ed. Scottsdale, Pennsylvania: Herald Press, 1990. 275pg. May 20, 2006 Second Temple Sects The Complete Works Of Flavious Josephus The Pharisees and other sects edited with a preface by Jacob Neusne, Retrieved from http://Judaism.about.com/gi/dynamicof Josephus/.HTM on January 7, 2013

Studying The STOF Business Model Domains Information Technology Essay

Studying The STOF Business Model Domains Information Technology Essay STOF Model: This framework for business model focuses on customer value creation, the arrangements required from the organisational, financial and technological point of view, for creating a new service. These four dimensions address how value is delivered to the customer and similarly how the service provider can gain value from the service offered. The four dimension of the framework are service domain, technology domain, organisational domain and finance domain. In the following sections, these dimensions will be explored in detail. STOF Business Model Domains Since it is essential that the service offered by the firm should meet the demands of the customer, the new service definition is used as the central reference for all other domains. In customers viewpoint the technology is an enabler of the service, from the firms perspective it is the driver. Organisational domain describes how the resources in the firm will made available and used. Financial domain, stress on the pricing model, investment and other cost based risks involved in providing the service. Service Domain: Critical Success Factor and Critical Design Issues for Customer Value Chapter 3: A successful business model should balance the value created for the customer to that for the service provider. To achieve this there should a balance between the different domains of the business model. A critical design issue is variable which is of importance for the feasibility and sustainability of the business model. Understanding of critical design issues (CDI) and its linkages is critical for designing balanced business model. Service domain requirements guide the choice of technology to be used for the service delivery. Furthermore, it affects the organisational and financial domain. Critical Design Issues in Designing Business Model For each business model domain, we identify the respective CDIs. The identification of different CDIs is based on the literature review. In case of service domain the CDIs are target customers, value creating elements and customer retention. Target customers: Service requirements and the customer need are different for each target group. The target group definition, whether it is B2C or B2B is necessary. And it is therefore fundamental to have a clear segmentation of the customers to address respective value proposition. Value creating elements: To provide a compelling value proposition to the targeted customers, factors like relevance, ease of accessibility, accuracy, quality and trust are critical. It is therefore, the core service offering as well as support service being offered to the customer. Branding (removed in the diagram) : To get a better recognition for the new service , brand image is essential. It can also increase the trust and awareness of the service being offered. Customer Retention: It defines the ways to keep the customer loyal and satisfied. It is also need to develop recurrent use of the service by the customer. Critical design issues for Technology domain: Factors like security, integration of the existing system and accessibility are key design criteria for the technology domain. Security: The way information is stored in the technical architecture and how the access is granted to the customer is essential to avoid security breaches. The trade off between ease of accessibility and data privacy should be addressed to reduce the risk of improper use of the services. Quality of Service: The ability to provide different priority to maintain a certain level of performance based on the users, context and importance. The incurred cost in the technological infrastructure should be balanced with that of the quality of service. It can also be argued that the technological architecture or infrastructure influences the technical functionality, which in turn affects the customers perceived value of the service. System Integration: The extent to which the new service offering can be integrated with that of the existing ones determines the adaptation of the service. Cost and flexibility of the new technology affects the system integration. In the case of ICT , firms with open standards bring down the level of integration required in the technical side. Accessibility: There two factors which affect the accessibility of a service by the customer, first preference of service platforms and second the architecture. If there is a closed or controlled environment, it can make way to a restricted access to a particular group of customers. This also increases the security at technology level. Critical Design Issue at Organisational Domain: Partner Selection: This design criterion is based on the strategic interest that the firm has, based on it suitable partners can be chosen. It is also vital, to get hold of the required resources and capabilities by the firm. Openness of Network: It is the extent to which new business can link to the value network. There can be two scenarios, first a closed network and second an open network. The closed network is mostly used to create higher quality of service and new partners are chosen by certain set of rules. Open network, gives an opportunity to deliver services to a wider audience than the closed network. Network Governance: Establishment of set rules by which the partner businesses should operate and can be monitored. This is usually done by the most dominant actor in the value network. Access to the end-users is the key determinant of an actors dominant role in the collaboration. Network Complexity : The number of relationships that has to be maintained with other businesses in providing the services act as the determinant of the network complexity. If the complexity is reduced , or in other words, less number relations increases the security and quality of service. Critical Design Issue in the Finance Domain: Pricing: Pricing of the service plays an critical role in the service adaptation and its use. The perceived value by the customer should be greater than or at least equal to the delivered value by the service provider. The pricing strategy should address whether the firm is aiming for maximising the market share or maximising the profitability from delivering the service. Risk and Investment: The uncertainty about return on investment is the fundamental risk involved in developing and delivering a new service to the market. A division of investment and risk among the actors can reduce the degree of impact to the actors involved. Cost and Revenue: The division of cost and revenue between the businesses is not the same in all cases, it differ from case to case. For instance, the service provider can share the revenue with the other actors in the service delivery or it can be based on the subscription fee. The revenue sharing is based on the underlying business logic either value based or on cost basis. The division of cost and revenue depends on the division of risk and investment also. The CDIs play a significant role in the process of creating value to the customer as well as to the service provider therefore it act as the starting point. The next step is the identification of Critical Success Factors (CSFs). A minimum group of areas in which satisfactory outcome is required to make certain that the business model generates value for both the service provider and to the customer is called the Critical Success Factor(Rockart and Bullen ,1981). Then the linkage between CDI and CSF , will aid for generating a feasible business model. Critical Success Factor and Critical Design Issues for Network Value Critical Success Factors (CSF) For creating value to the customer : Compelling value proposition: It is related to value creating element CDIs in the service domain and it is a critical criterion for creating value to the customer. Value proposition is the overall benefits that are delivered to the customer by the service provider. Bouwan et al (2008) argues that the value proposition should be based on the customer needs and requirements and not to be based on the technological possibilities. Customers perspective of value also depends on the pricing (CDI) of the service. Similarly, Kotler (2000) points out that brand (CDI) influences the customer perspective of value proposition. Defined target customer: The CDI targeting is related to this CSF. Defined target customer will help the firm to focus on the targeted customers, as the customer needs are different for different customer group. The assumed customer needs by the service provider can be nullified by segmenting the customer base (Kotler, 2000). Accessibility CDI of technology domain also affects this CSF. Customer Retention: Customised or personalised service delivery to the customers will help retain the customer, mainly influenced by customer loyalty and customer experience. The unconstructive occurrence in service can affect the experience and frustrate the customer(Strauss, Schmidt, Schoeler, 2005). Quality of Service: Grà ¶nroos, 1994 suggests that the quality of service output and service process are equally important. CDIs from technology domain are closely related to QoS. CDIs in the technology domain demands an adequate level of quality, since the service being delivered is technology based. Security and system integration To summarize a high score in these CSFs will grantee that the service being provided will meet the customer expectations and create value to the customer. CSF for creating value to the network: The actors in the value network will cooperate for generating value on mutual interest and also compete for value on individual interest (Brandenburg Nalebuff, 1996). Another framework, Porters five forces model stress on competition between the actors (Porter, 1980). For creating value in the network, balance between financial and organisational domain is critical, mover over it should be acceptable by the collaborating actors. Profitability: There should be a acceptable profit for the firms, according to the division of cost and revenue (CDI). Other domain issues like customer group and pricing will affect the profitability. Risk: An agreeable division of risk among the participating actors should result from the division of investment CDI. Since, there is a high uncertainty of service acceptance and due to the investment in IT infrastructure. Network Strategy: This CSF is required to effectively manage the different relation in the value network, from the organisation domain perspective. Division of roles and Network Governance CDIs is directly related to the network strategy. Partner selection and network complexity is also interlinked with this CSF. To summarise a high score on these CSFs will create benefit for the firms that are involved in the service. Organisational CDIs help in allocation resources and capabilities, similarly the CDIs in finance domain is instrumental in directing to a profitable service.

Business Analysis of Nonas Sweets :: North Carolina Bakery Baked Goods Essays

Business Analysis of Nona's Sweets Executive Summary This brand communication campaign has as its primary objective to establish Nona’s Sweets as a high end bakery in the University area of Charlotte, North Carolina and to maintain brand awareness of Nona’s Sweets goods among the families, businesses, and churches in the area that crave high quality baked goods. From its beginning in a home in Charlotte, North Carolina four years ago, Nona’s Sweets has expanded. Today they are to a company with a store on North Tryon Street. From its very start, Nona’s Sweets baked goods have been produced to be the utmost its class offered. At this moment in time Nona’s Sweets is in its growth stage and is continually seeking to uphold a strong relation with its consumers. The Olympus Advertising Agency has developed a comprehensive plan to position Nona’s Sweets’ baked goods as the most outstanding in the baking industry. I. Situational Analysis A. Bakery Industry In recent quarters consumers based their purchase decision on price and perceived value. This trend has increased the sale of private brand baking goods at expense of its branded competitors. According to the food institute, sale of food for at-home consumption have skyrocketed in recent years. These food retailers only accounted for 1.8% of food in 1991 and by 2003 their percentage rose to 11.1%. USDA projects that the consumer price index for food will rise from 3.0% to 4.0% in 2005. CPI for all types of food rose 3.6% for the first nine months of 2004 and it is projected to increase even higher. B. Company and Brand History Company Background It all started four years ago when a family member had a birthday where a cake was ordered from the local grocery store. The cake was not up to par. Dominica Clementi’s mother Nonna Jo-Ann decided that she could bake cake that was better. She sent her daughters to school to learn pastry decorations in order to keep up with the new trends of baking. They started by making cakes out of their home. From word of mouth around the church and community Nonna Jo-Ann and her family started to bake for holidays, family functions, and religious activities. In December of 2004 Nona and her daughters bought a store in the Terraces at University to keep up with increased demand for their product. Brand Background To meet the demands of quality baked goods market, Nona’s Sweets developed there own baked goods in 2001 what would enable customers to enjoy their own top quality baked goods with out the mess of the kitchen. Business Analysis of Nona's Sweets :: North Carolina Bakery Baked Goods Essays Business Analysis of Nona's Sweets Executive Summary This brand communication campaign has as its primary objective to establish Nona’s Sweets as a high end bakery in the University area of Charlotte, North Carolina and to maintain brand awareness of Nona’s Sweets goods among the families, businesses, and churches in the area that crave high quality baked goods. From its beginning in a home in Charlotte, North Carolina four years ago, Nona’s Sweets has expanded. Today they are to a company with a store on North Tryon Street. From its very start, Nona’s Sweets baked goods have been produced to be the utmost its class offered. At this moment in time Nona’s Sweets is in its growth stage and is continually seeking to uphold a strong relation with its consumers. The Olympus Advertising Agency has developed a comprehensive plan to position Nona’s Sweets’ baked goods as the most outstanding in the baking industry. I. Situational Analysis A. Bakery Industry In recent quarters consumers based their purchase decision on price and perceived value. This trend has increased the sale of private brand baking goods at expense of its branded competitors. According to the food institute, sale of food for at-home consumption have skyrocketed in recent years. These food retailers only accounted for 1.8% of food in 1991 and by 2003 their percentage rose to 11.1%. USDA projects that the consumer price index for food will rise from 3.0% to 4.0% in 2005. CPI for all types of food rose 3.6% for the first nine months of 2004 and it is projected to increase even higher. B. Company and Brand History Company Background It all started four years ago when a family member had a birthday where a cake was ordered from the local grocery store. The cake was not up to par. Dominica Clementi’s mother Nonna Jo-Ann decided that she could bake cake that was better. She sent her daughters to school to learn pastry decorations in order to keep up with the new trends of baking. They started by making cakes out of their home. From word of mouth around the church and community Nonna Jo-Ann and her family started to bake for holidays, family functions, and religious activities. In December of 2004 Nona and her daughters bought a store in the Terraces at University to keep up with increased demand for their product. Brand Background To meet the demands of quality baked goods market, Nona’s Sweets developed there own baked goods in 2001 what would enable customers to enjoy their own top quality baked goods with out the mess of the kitchen.

How does Emily Bronte present Heathcliff in the novel Wuthering Heights

How does Emily Bronte present Heathcliff in the novel Wuthering Heights? The novel Wuthering Heights is a gothic tale of love, loss, and redemption. Heathcliff who is one of the lead characters is presented to the reader in many forms throughout the novel. He is portrayed as a man who loves a woman, vindictive and as an outcast. He is also very demanding and appears to be an evil person. During Heathcliff's early years at the Earnshaws home, it is obvious that Heathcliff shows his vindictive form at an early age. His friendship with Cathy is tested when Edgar Linton arrives for dinner. Heathcliff is jealous of Edgar's class and charm so it is no surprise that when Edgar jokes about him Heathcliff would retaliate. We are told by the narrator that "the seized a tureen of hot apple sauce dashed it full across his face" which gives the reader the evidence to assume that this is how Heathcliff will act all his life. The words used in the phrase contain a little impact - the word 'seized' could suggest that he could not help himself, he had to get back at him to impress Cathy and to show he could not be joked about. Later on in the novel, it is made known to us that he would do far worse things to avenge his harasser. It is said "he would have tried to remedy the mistake by smashing Hareton's skull on the steps" to make Hindley mad. The overall impact of the phrase is extremely harsh. The word smashing stands out particularly because to smash something you need to use a great force. After the death of Mr Earnshaw when Heathcliff was young, Hindley became head of the house. Upon his arrival, Hindley "drove him from their company to that of the servants" and "deprived him of the instructions of the cu... ...cruelty in Heathcliff because he hates his son for no reason and is perfectly happy to fill Lintons last moments with terror and despair. When Cathy remarks "I care nothing for his anger", Lintons responds "but I do. Don't provoke him against me, Catherine, for he is very hard." The language used makes us sympathetic towards Linton, as he fears his father. The word 'provoke' seems to stand out mostly because this could mean that Lintons thinks Catherine would tell of him to his father which would get him into trouble - this does not show trust. In conclusion I think that Heathcliff is a troubled man through his past has had bad experiences but somehow manages t turn around his life and take his anger out on other peoples lives in turn affecting them. It is true however, that Heathcliff really did love Catherine and wished to be with her even after death.

Reading Report

From my experiences reading novels, dramas, poetry, and short stories, I think the purpose of fiction is to entertain; to provoke thought. I think students study fiction because it is very entertaining, and can teach many different lessons. People read fiction stones because it lets them get lost In a story that's not theirs. I believe people tell stones to express their Imagination and thoughts. B. A â€Å"take away† value I have learned from this concentration on fiction would be many life lessons. I feel Like the fiction stones we read In school relate to us somehow, and teach us lessons.They also teach us different vocabulary terms and how to use them. Reading stories Like Romeo and Juliet and Lice's Adventures In Wonderland also let us experience different types of literature. II. Nonfiction A. My English II class this year studied three very different examples of nonfiction. 1. The World Geography Textbook- Our geography textbook has a professional tone. The organization of the textbook had headers and sections, which makes finding the information you need easier to find. The purpose of this nonfiction is to inform. 2.The Burden of Womanhood- 3. MASS- This personal memoir about WIN has a serious, melancholy tone. The organization of this book is set up like a story, with pictures. I believe the purpose of MASS is to not only to inform about the events during WI, but to also entertain. B. Studying nonfiction in classes, such as an English II class, would be very beneficial. There are so many different values gained from studying nonfiction, such as how it helps develop critical thinking as well as literary skills, broadens students vocabulary ND world knowledge.Reading Report By theologically read fiction stories because it lets them get lost in a story that's not theirs. I believe people tell stories to express their imagination and thoughts. B. A â€Å"take away' value like the fiction stories we read in school relate to us somehow, and teach us lessons. Like Romeo and Juliet and Lice's Adventures in Wonderland also let us experience A. My English II class this year studied three very different examples of nonfiction. 1 . 3. MASS- This personal memoir about WI has a serious, melancholy tone.

11th Grade

During the founding of the new nation, the United States, there were a number of influential people who made important decisions based on their various opinions. These people, the founding fathers of the United States, would set examples, ideals, and rules for many leaders to come. Our first president George Washington, our 3rd president Thomas Jefferson, and our first Supreme Court justice John Marshall were all very important and influential individuals. Together, their opinions and ideals helped shape the growth of our nation from domestic policy to the basis of the government’s operation. George Washington was the first president of the United States of America as well as one of its founding fathers. When he resigned from office and gave his farewell address, he stated three of his opinions that would be very influential in the development of the United States. During that farewell address, he addressed two very important issues. First was that the United States of America should remain in the most neutral position possible when it came to foreign affairs (this would be ignored by latter presidents). Second was that no political parties should be formed within the new government. These were significant statements because they helped to shape the foundation and cultural beginnings of the new American government. In addition to his farewell advice, he informally set the presidential term limit to two terms, a tradition which has been upheld to this day with very few exceptions. (Note: FDR was the only president to hold three terms) These opinions were important to him because he believed that they would enable the people to grow together as one strong, unified nation. While his ideals were certainly not held up forever, they allowed us to build up our country before civil war broke out among the southern and northern states. President Thomas Jefferson was also a very important and influential president because of his strong opinions on creating a unifying domestic policy. His opinions about the power given to the president were also important. In one of his most famous moments he said, â€Å"We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. † This was a very important moment because it demonstrated an emerging American spirit and encouraged one of the ideals instilled by George Washington. By unifying the people of the different parties as â€Å"Americans†, he helped to promote a feeling of unity among the states. This was one of the ideals promoted by George Washington when he warned America not to form political parties; it’s the same issue of unity, just addressed from a different angle. It also helped to calm the growing distress and conflict between the Republican and Federalist parties. Another very important accomplishment that happened when Jefferson was in office was the Louisiana Purchase. While it was significant because it more than doubled the size of the United States, it was also a source of much debate. In the arguments against Jefferson there were many people who believed that the Louisiana Purchase was unconstitutional. Most prominent was whether the President had the power to spend 15 million dollars on a segment of land without the approval of the people (Congress, etc). His choice to spend the money was important because it basically said, â€Å"I’m the president and I have power. † His actions don't directly reflect his stated beliefs in strong state government, but they do illustrate the fact that he often chose the most pragmatic route in his decisions and put the good of the country over his personal beliefs John Marshall, the first Supreme Court justice, was a very influential figure because his beliefs and opinions developed and gave power to the Supreme Court and the judiciary branch for the first time. One of the most important contributions he made for the Supreme Court was the concept of judicial review. After the case of Marbury vs. Madison, the Supreme Court was given the power to review laws, and court cases in order to determine whether a law or case was constitutional. John Marshall also extended the power of the Supreme Court to cover all matters not explicitly mentioned to be governed in the state. In short, he created most of the power that is invested in the Supreme Court today. The most influential of these three men was John Marshall. He was the most influential person because he created a strong judicial branch, something that is essential to the system of checks and balances. Without the power that currently resides in the Judiciary branch of the United States, the government would be an unbalanced system that would be able to create laws between the executive branch and legislative branch without any chance of rulings on constitutionality from the court. For example, in the case of Dred Scott vs. Sanford (a famous case regarding slaves’ Constitutional rights), the Supreme Court struck down several federal laws, including the Missouri Compromise, which was ruled unconstitutional. While most people today wouldn’t agree with the ruling given in Dred Scott, it still shows the power of the judicial system, able to strike down Federal law in accordance with an era’s political and social climate. The separation of powers is one of the most important parts of our government and without it our modern government would not exist in the same definition as it does today.

Hofstede Cutlural Dimensions

Hofstede Electronic Submission Coversheet TO BE COMPLETED BY STUDENT By electronically submitting this work, I certify that: †¢ This assignment is my own work †¢ It has not previously been submitted for assessment †¢ Where material from other sources has been used it has been acknowledged properly †¢ This work meets the requirement of the University’s ethics policy Student Name: nidi kumar Student Number : 9048219 Faculty: FBSE Level of study: level 6 Course title: International business management Unit title: Cross-cultural ManagementAssignment title: Airbus and GLOBE Assignment tutor: Peter Jordan Word count: 500 Learner request for feedback: TO BE COMPLETED BY STAFF Tutor feedback: Areas of Strength: Areas for Improvement: Grade mark: Submitted on time (Y/N): Tutor signature: Date: Identify the key cross-cultural issues faced by the Airbus consortium and relate these to the Globe’s projects clusters of business cultures. Critically evaluate the us efulness of this research in understanding the issues involved and in devising viable solutions.What lessons can be learned for companies embarking on international projects? Introduction Cross-cultural management describes â€Å"organisational behaviour within countries and cultures† (Adler and Gundersen, 2008, p 13) as a result it compares the organisational behaviour across various countries and cultures and most importantly it seeks to comprehend and advance the â€Å"interaction of co-workers, managers, executives, clients, suppliers, and alliance partners from countries and cultures around the world. † (Adler and Gundersen, 2008, p 13).A company that has experience of cross-cultural management and thus has its roots in several European countries is Airbus SAS. (Browaeys and Price, 2011). Outlined on the company’s website they express their desire to overcome â€Å"national divides, sharing development costs, collaborating in the interest of a greater mark et share, and even agreeing a common set of measurements and a common language† (Airbus. com cited in Browaeys and Price, 2011, p 67). However, as time progressed evidence suggests that this has not occurred as demonstrated in key cross-cultural issues experienced by the organisation. Introduction not yet complete (Try to make a generic view of CrossCultural Management beyond companies ie consider how CC management is dealt with across industry sectors ( most prevalent in telecoms organizations) also what are the â€Å"roots† of CC management and how does it address new global challenges/provide new solutions)) Method of Research By comparison of 2 companies ie Airbus / Globe highlighting key CC management approaches, issues and solutions (Risk of systemic flaws in approach/repeatable failures)YOU should compare apples with apples ie list all significant issues, select an issue eg Economic Patriotism and evaluate the approach taken by both parties / im arguing for creat ing A table to do this we can talk†¦ Key Cross-Cultural Issues faced by Airbus (Related to Globe’s Cross-Cultural Approach) Problems Faced by Airbus (enumerate and modify in your own words) Socio-cultural & technical problems. †¢ The workforce at the aircraft manufacturer is geographically distributed in proportion to national ownership stakes.In an instance of economic nationalism, government distort private transactions among economic actors by discriminating against foreigners in the name of national interest. This lead to the decrease in the productive efficiency. It is because of the various differences of management styles and way of communication. For e. g. : comparing with the French people, the Germans prefer collective decision making, whereas the French prefer centralised decision. At the same time the Spanish are flexible but have inferiority complex, so they have tendency to be vague and unreliable due to which they respond very less. Ian Stokes, 2006). †¢ The main problem is when EADS company of Airbus was created, two chief executives German and French headed it. It was maintained even due to knowing the fact of the crisis caused by problems in development in A380 began. Looking from the Hofstedes cultural dimensions the French likes high power distance whereas the Germans prefer low power distance. So while making decisions Germans tend to interfere in the conversations while it is being dislike by France people. So this unintentionally hurt the ego's of the French people and creates a conflict between them. Hofstede. G, 1991) 1 †¢ Due to the government involvement respective countries, cost cutting measures were delayed as state aid comes to rescue their respective partner first. From this situation it seems that power id distributed unequally. The government is being self centred and looking after its own motives. Even no action id being undertaken by the group members of the company in order to tackle this issue. I t is in this area that a culture shows the extent to which it ‘tolerates and fosters pecking orders, and how actively members try to reduce them'. Mead, 1994; 66) 1 †¢ One of the main causes in delay of the launch of Airbus A380 for two years was owing to the fact of having a complex wiring design system for it. †¢ There were 1,200 functions to control the plane that takes 98,000 wires & 40,000 connectors. The system has 500,000 models, which needs to be kept in sync from different countries. It was complicated and very much time consuming due the fact of the engineers being at different locations. †¢ Even the aircraft parts were built at different locations.For example: nose sections are built in France, fuselages in Germany, wings in Great Britain and tails in Spain. And the final assembly were done in Toulouse (France). It unnecessarily increased the transportation cost, communication problems and foremost aspect time consumption. †¢ There was a problem with regards to software and knowledge as well. The engineers in Germany and Spain used the older version V4 of the CAD program in order to design the wiring system, while the engineers in France and England used the newer version V5.This created trouble and delay while transferring the data because the some data was lost while transferring files from one system to another. †¢ With regards to knowledge, French were familiar with the software while the Germans were not inexperienced compared to French. According to Hofstedes1 it seem that the French are more of individualistic in nature because they were least concerned about the training of its partner company's. Due to the lack of integration in engineering it resulted failure in execution. When the HRM team was most needed to train the employees ; communicate between them regarding the software problems, they were very busy with responding to the new legislation- such as those concerned with labour working hours and the Frenc h directive on rights of individuals to choose their own training. As the French are more type of individualism because of the preference towards centralised executive, they tend to first sort out their problems that made them busy in doing things which was not important compared to training problem. Ian Stokes, 2006) 1; (Trompenaars, 1993; 8-11) 1 †¢ The top managers were busy struggling for the senior position in the consortium and lobbying for influence. These lead political goals get in the way of project goals. From this it seems that that the top managers were very much individualistic in nature. They were more interested in getting the name an enjoy being superior in the organization. They seemed to be self-achievement oriented and least concerned about the problems going on in the company.This dispersed the decision making power which was most needed in problems like this. (Hofstede, 1991) 1 All this problems lead to the delay in launch of Airbus A380 for two years that was scheduled to launch in 2006. Delay in delivery forced some airlines to cancel their orders. This gave them loss of euro 2 billion due that they had to make drastic cuts in the size of its workforce and closure of some plants, which in turn dented their image in the market. Efforts taken by Airbus to tackle the issues. In order to tackle the design of the wiring system and the software problems, Airbus made special investment to train its employees with the help of the software supplier. †¢ They even tried to set up intercultural sessions to inspire a warm feeling of mutual understanding, but it failed to address adequately the fundamentals of co-operation. †¢ The EADS managers most of the times tried to draw attention to the common areas and similarities, rather than differences in order to tackle the cross-cultural differences with regards to perceptions and doing things. They have distributed their workforce in proportion to the ownership stakes geographically becau se they thought that this would increase their productive efficiency. Put Table A in here Critical Evaluation of Research (based on analysis of table) Economic Patriotism: Many organisations are forced to develop and expand themselves into new markets overseas due to the increasing maturation of domestic markets and foreign competitors. In order to gain a competitive advantage over their competitors they are recognising their identity that can help them to sustain.The main motive behind this step is that by enlightening the only one of its kind personality or character of an organisation or group, all the way through symbols, communications and behaviours, it will help them to create favourable corporate image in the minds of these groups. Such differentiation will help them to create an image based on the uniqueness of its own identity, as well as creating a tendency in the minds of the people or groups as a basis for developing long-term profitable relationships. (Van, 1992) 2. Ec onomic patriotism is most of similarly related on these theories.Economic patriotism means, â€Å"supporting one's country†. Economic patriotism is the coordinated and the promoted behaviour of consumers or companies (both private and public) that consists of favouring the good or services produced in their country or in their group of countries (wikipedia) 3. According to me economic patriotism means favouring the people and practices done in ones own country, right or wrong. The main motive of the people living in their own country is to promote its thoughts, beliefs, way of doing business, etc. this is automatically done because they had been under the influence of such practices since their childhood.It's like expressing that they love their country and ready to sacrifice for it. Economics patriotism can be done with the help of many activities for e. g. : imposing tariffs on imports, quota system, or encouraging consumers to purchase own domestic services and products. N ow a days a new type of economic patriotism has came up that does not allows foreign investors to develop or acquire companies in one's country. For e. g. : Arcelor acquired by Mittal (Largest steel industry). Government and political bodies are playing the main role to promote economic patriotism.Even in the Airbus case study economic patriotism has played a significant role in problems created by government of different countries. The workforce at the company is geographically distributed in proportion to national ownership stakes. So this makes the workforce far from each other. According to the company it may help them to increase productive efficiency. But in an instance of economic nationalism (whereby the people support their respective rights and countries), the government of respective countries changed private transactions according to their thoughts and practices in order to protect the local economic interests.They discriminated foreigners in the name of national interes t. So political bodies came into role in order to support the local people. Their economic motives include the preservation of employment or attraction of economic activity to a certain area. And the company's strategic motives were to include national security in order to capture rents abroad in monopolistic market. But the patriotic approach of the company proved ineffective because it conflicts with the economic efficiency, which derives from the protection of the interests of the local lobbies. pic] The company tried to integrate all its employees and create a sense of togetherness but the â€Å"economic patriotism† practiced by the people and government in respective countries failed the company's objectives. The politicians want to win the votes from people by supporting their interest. The damaged caused by economic nationalism indirectly created inefficiency and poor performance of corporate governance. Due to this damage Airbus reputation was dented. The government d id not supported because it conflicted with the ideas and thoughts of the government.The cost cutting measures were delayed because the state aid first comes to rescue the government-supported company. The competition increased because government supported companies had privileged access to infrastructure and procurement contracts. This delayed all the process in the company and unnecessarily increased the loss and the cost of production. Indirectly the Airbus suffered from takeover threats from the more efficient organisations. Finally, the national efforts to support one's interest proved to be self-defeating as other countries react in kind, neutralising the initial attempt to gain competitive advantage.Reflection of the way the company was organised. One of the causes of the delay was the complex wiring system and the software compatibility. The digital system has 500,000 models that need to be kept in sync. Despite of the fact that even a single mistake can create problems the company operated from different regions further complicating the wiring system. The seems to be communication gap between the employees because engineers in Germany and Spain used the older V4 version of the CAD program to design the wiring whereas engineers in France and England used the newer V5 version.Although it has been said by the software developer that both the version were compatible but the company should not have taken risks of going with different versions. Although there was claim by developer regarding compatibility the data was lost while transferring files from one system to another. The suppliers were also not involved in a collaborative effort to anticipate problems. There was lack of training and communication among the engineers as well. It can be seen because the engineers in France were familiar with the software while the Germans did not have much experience with it.This shows that there is centralised decision in the company that made other engineers lack of knowledge. They built the different parts in different region, which further complicated the assembling system due to the lack of communication related to knowledge and software problems. Author Hellemans notes that ‘what happened in Germany was not just technical problems related to software but it was an execution failure due to lack of efficient knowledge'. (Davis, 2007) 1 From the problems that Airbus faced, the company was not properly organised because it seems that relied mostly on the software developer regarding the solutions.There was even lack of training, communication and transparency within the organisation. It seems that mostly the decision were made in headquarters only, not with the consent of other people. The merger of the national components in 2001 only integrated themselves officially but mentally they were far away from each other. It even seems to be inequality from lack of technological development equally because when France & England upgraded themse lves to V5 version, the German and Spain were still on the V4 versions. Lessons Learned. what are the lessons learnt from this specific research ie outcomes from analysis of the table/also comment on the quality of the research / ie selection of evaluation â€Å"parameters† to compare, what if scenarios / heuristics / deductions / further research) In the real world there is not any specific best way to integrate diverse cultures within an international joint venture. It solely depends upon the situation and the kind of cultures involves. But I am trying to be closer to individual's perception and actions that may lead to a common ground where everyone accept each other.Research: Proper research needs to done before setting up such a culturally diversified company. Research should be on the basis of the cultural dimension of Hofstedes1 i. e. power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculine vs. feminine, short-term vs. long-term orientation, what they like and what they don't. It helps them to integrate all their activities on the common grounds and come up with a solution that maybe acceptable to everyone. Collectivist's approach: As we don't have any idea about what people's want and desires are, a collectivists approach will explore the ideas and perceptions about each other.It will gradually help to know each other's ideas and beliefs that can be helpful to achieve the desired goals and objectives. Initially it may create problems but at the later stage when everybody has been known to each other it help people or employees to understand regarding what to do and what not to do. Diffuse relationships: The company employees need to be considered as members of a group or an organization. They should be involved decision-making process. It helps the employees to build rapport between themselves that in turn explore each other's ideas and beliefs.Their relationships with each other helps us to find how efficient the organization is and what steps need to be taken in order to tackle the cross-cultural issues. Teambuilding session should be conducted in order to create a feeling of oneness, which can increase the efficiency of a company. (Trompenaars, 1993; 8-11) 1. Equality: If we integrate diverse cultures within international joint venture equality should be always there in term development, technological advancement, knowledge, etc. n the Airbus it failed because Germany ; Spain had V4 version of the Cad programme whereas France ; England had the latest V5 version. So always proper standardisation should be adopted within the whole organization at a specific time. Global knowledge, local understanding: the approach should be to indulge diverse cultures but the process should be local. It means any activity done should be on the basis of the activity carries out in the home country of any organisation. Proper training should be given to its employees from the engineers at headquarters because they know it better than anyone else.Th is helps them to consume less time and achieve perfection, stabilisation, which is considered to be vital in any industry in order to achieve goals and objectives. Training can even be of language, way of doing things, actions, etc. Due to lack of proper training the Germans were not familiar with the software, it more delayed the project while executing the fuselages. Time focus (polychromic): Initially the top managers need to be polychromic in time i. e. the top managers need to focus on several tasks ; should be less dependent on detailed information hile doing these tasks. Their main focus should be on involvement with people. This helps the employees or the partners in business to be much more expressive and approach the management whenever they feel to do so. (Hall ; hall, 1990). References. 1. Marie-Joelle Browaeys and Roger Price – Understanding Cross-Cultural Management, 2008. 2. Marlo Thomas; Helene Hill, International Marketing Review, Vol16, Number: 4/5, Year: 19 99, pp: 376-390. 3. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Economic_nationalism. Read more: http://www. ukessays. om/essays/cultural-studies/airbus-case-study. php#ixzz2BNsfYQjM Economic Patriotism A key cross-cultural issue which has been highlighted is the considerable damage caused by economic patriotism to Airbus. An example of this economic patriotism which caused difficulties was the issue of German and Spanish engineers using the older V4 version of the CAD program; whereas the UK and France used the new V5 version. A significant reason for the rejection of the new system has been emphasized by Williams (cited in Clark, 2006) as a matter of national pride.The Germans felt the French were imposing the new system upon them, causing them to reject it. In relation to the GLOBE theory, this act can be identified as an action of assertiveness from German employees, due to the fact that they would rather emphasis on results rather than relationships. Furthermore, Webber (cited in Clark, 200 6) expressed this when he explained that â€Å"changing over to new software is costly and time consuming. As a result, German employees faced French imposition with confrontation. German and French governments also had extensive involvement causing increased economic patriotism. Will add government issues here and relate to individualism from Hofstede Reorganisation of company Airbus required a reorganisation of the company in order to improve â€Å"co-ordination, reduce the costs of production and the time between conception of planes and their introduction into service. † (Browaeys and Price, 2011, p 67), however this was not planned efficiently, due to the fact that culture differences would arise. A significant issue Airbus faced was the problem of having two CEO’s, one from Germany, the other from France.This caused significant concerns because they had to compromise over key decisions due to each country having different cultural approaches to business. †¢ This part will be related to power distance, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism (institutional)(no consideration for others) , future and performance orientation(very little performance as they are not achieving anything) †¢ Will include evidence that relates to the Airbus and globe †¢ Decentralized management †¢ Loss profits †¢ Common language didn’t go as planned Gender egalitarianism I will discuss gender egalitarianism as it’s a key issue because in the case study evidence suggests it’s a male dominated job Critically evaluate In this part of the essay I will evaluate the usefulness of the theory including issues such as: †¢ Data collected from 2004 (therefore not up-to-date) †¢ Quantitative research rather than qualitative Lessons learned †¢ Equality †¢ Rapport between employees †¢ More intensive research needs to be done †¢ Diffuse relationships †¢ Integrate activities on common ground Reference page ADLER, N. , and A. GUNDERSEN, 2008.International Dimensions of Organisational Behaviour. 5th ed. USA: Thomson Higher Education BROWAEYS, M. , and R. PRICE, 2011. Understanding cross cultural management. 2nd ed. England: Pearson Education Limited CLARK, N. , 2006. The airbus saga: crossed wired and a multibillion-euro delay- Business-International Herald Tribune [online] [viewed 25 October 2012]. Available from: http://www. nytimes. com/2006/12/11/business/worldbusiness/11iht-airbus. 3860198. html? pagewanted=all ———————– Important – choose one of the following statements (DELETE TWO THAT DO NOT APPLY): Intermediate submission

Why we hate HR

This shows the critical role and function f human resources management (HARM) in an organization. However, some concerns are articulated in the article â€Å"Why We Hate HER†. The author did some research on the effectiveness and efficiency of HARM function, finding that the HARM does not do their own Job virtually and accountably to maximize the human resources–finding the best hires, nurturing the stars, and fostering a productive work environment. Although some of the author's points may be somewhat radical, some points are knowledgeable.In the following analysis, own opinions are presenting to analyze and evaluate the author's arguments about the HER function in organizations. HER People aren't the Sharpest Tacks in the Box (Disagree) As I mentioned before, employees are valuable assets of an organization to offer necessary labor and worthy expertise. They are executors and performers following the top level management to make efforts and contributions to the organi zation. They are also related to the development and progress of an organization. Where do these employees come from?HER professionals hire them; and then train them to maximize their function and obligation. â€Å"HER is something of an umbrella term, encompassing many various functions within its scope. As the strength of [an organization] relies upon the strength of its employees, the effective management of an organization's human resources can propel the [organization] toward higher levels of performance. † (Kennedy, May/June 2004, Para. 2&3). This reveals the importance of HARM in an organization to regulate and manage employees and human relations across the different departments.In addition, the author divides the HER people into two classifications. One is intelligent people who fare poorly in meatier role, but not poorly enough to be fired so that exile from organization mainstream into HER apartment. Another type is those who enter the field by choice and with the best of intentions, but for the wrong reasons such as liking working with people. From own view, this classification is somewhat subjective and biased. Human resources people are employees of an organization as well.In order to execute their function, cursorily choosing and arranging them is not a wise way to improve the role of HARM so that the possibility of exile should be tiny. The ability and quality of HER people should be high enough to control the entrance of new employees, improvement of experienced employees, and human relations across the entire organization. HER Pursues Efficiency in Lieu of Value (Agree) The worth of deliverables is a vital measurement to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of HARM.This means the HER people are not measured by what they do but by what they deliver to not only the employees and line managers, but also the investors and customers. Recently, â€Å"the rapidly changing dynamics of the marketplace are forcing [organizations] to question whether they have the appropriate [knowledge], processes, and technology to deliver†¦ HER services that add alee and are cost effective† (Donahue, June 1996, Para. 2). This reflects two different kinds of deliverables, adding value and saving cost.Capital asset is used to produce value-added. The way of value creation is usually divided into two forms: material capital and human capital. In the perspective of human capital, it â€Å"refers to the aggregation of knowledge, skills, and vigor endowed in people, and it is the main body of value creation. With the emergence and popularity of human capital theory, people began to attach importance to human capital in economic growth, which accordingly contributes to the increase in human capital investment† (Ghana & Run- titan Jinn, March 2006, Para. ). This shows the tendency of value creation by HARM to the development of an organization. Specifically, HER people should connect right employees to the suitable position while selecting. Afterward, they should train the employees appropriately to deliver valuable and useful information so that new employees could better understand the organization, position, and responsibility. Finally, through performance appraisal, some issues and matters should be fixed. All Hess ways could add value into the organization to improve the progress.Cost saving is another type of deliverables that performs in the opposite way of adding value. It closely related to the financial executives so that the cooperation between financial function and HER function is tight and vital. â€Å"Financial executives need to make sure their organization's HER function runs smoothly and cost efficiently†¦ By performing a structured analysis of HER service delivery, [organizations] often can gain perspective on the proper course to follow to transform the HER function (Donahue, June 1996, Para. 11).The way of cost effectiveness by HARM could be communication among executives an d determination a realizable strategy in order to deliver HER services for equity and diversity in the future. HER isn't Working for You (Neutrality) HARM is restricted by legal labor regulations promulgated by the government authority, such as Equal Employment Opportunity, Fair Labor Standards, and Occupational Safety and Health. In addition, the organization itself has own policies and rules to be followed by HARM. This means HER people have to accept both the outsider and insider supervisions with reasonable caution to make sure it does not UN afoul of the rules.Usually, they pursue standardization and uniformity in the face of a workforce that is heterogeneous and complex because this way is relatively easy to regulate and manage the employees and functions. They have a tension created by HRS role as protector of the organization's assets so that compliance is put in the first place. Nothing would be smooth all the time. There are still some exceptions that violate the strict ru les. These exceptions should be considered by HER people under their management.Therefore, at this time, the way used by HER people o deal with the exceptions is important since it not only shows the capability of adoption, but also relates to the maintenance of relationship between employees and functions. In the article of â€Å"Why We Hate HER†, the author is somewhat radical that all the exceptions are not considered carefully and dealt with well by HER people because they follow the rules strictly without any exception. The author also describes that bureaucrats everywhere abhor exceptions–not Just because they open up the organization to charges of bias, but because they require more than rote solutions.From own viewpoint, the author's explanation is reasonable and understandable, but not absolute. Klein (Seep. 1998) found that â€Å"[Organization] human resource managers†¦ Often get no respect because they work in the so called â€Å"soft† end of th e company and seemingly don't directly affect the bottom line† (Para. 1). This reveals the reason why HER people do not accept some exceptions: the influence of accepting exceptions is diminutive that has no effectiveness and efficiency to the organization. Under this condition, some exceptions are ignored, not Just because HER people are lazy to find the solutions.Therefore, although there may be some excuses from HER people, most exceptions are considered carefully by HER people. The reason why some employees feel ignored may be that HARM do not give out a reasonable explanation timely and persuasively. Conclusion In my opinion, some of the author's main points are reasonable and persuasive, but some others may be somewhat radical. The importance of HARM cannot be ignored. It acts as a transporter between employees and employers, working for both of them. The function of HARM is to add value into the organization and save cost to maintain the worth of the organization. Why we hate HR This shows the critical role and function f human resources management (HARM) in an organization. However, some concerns are articulated in the article â€Å"Why We Hate HER†. The author did some research on the effectiveness and efficiency of HARM function, finding that the HARM does not do their own Job virtually and accountably to maximize the human resources–finding the best hires, nurturing the stars, and fostering a productive work environment. Although some of the author's points may be somewhat radical, some points are knowledgeable.In the following analysis, own opinions are presenting to analyze and evaluate the author's arguments about the HER function in organizations. HER People aren't the Sharpest Tacks in the Box (Disagree) As I mentioned before, employees are valuable assets of an organization to offer necessary labor and worthy expertise. They are executors and performers following the top level management to make efforts and contributions to the organi zation. They are also related to the development and progress of an organization. Where do these employees come from?HER professionals hire them; and then train them to maximize their function and obligation. â€Å"HER is something of an umbrella term, encompassing many various functions within its scope. As the strength of [an organization] relies upon the strength of its employees, the effective management of an organization's human resources can propel the [organization] toward higher levels of performance. † (Kennedy, May/June 2004, Para. 2&3). This reveals the importance of HARM in an organization to regulate and manage employees and human relations across the different departments.In addition, the author divides the HER people into two classifications. One is intelligent people who fare poorly in meatier role, but not poorly enough to be fired so that exile from organization mainstream into HER apartment. Another type is those who enter the field by choice and with the best of intentions, but for the wrong reasons such as liking working with people. From own view, this classification is somewhat subjective and biased. Human resources people are employees of an organization as well.In order to execute their function, cursorily choosing and arranging them is not a wise way to improve the role of HARM so that the possibility of exile should be tiny. The ability and quality of HER people should be high enough to control the entrance of new employees, improvement of experienced employees, and human relations across the entire organization. HER Pursues Efficiency in Lieu of Value (Agree) The worth of deliverables is a vital measurement to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of HARM.This means the HER people are not measured by what they do but by what they deliver to not only the employees and line managers, but also the investors and customers. Recently, â€Å"the rapidly changing dynamics of the marketplace are forcing [organizations] to question whether they have the appropriate [knowledge], processes, and technology to deliver†¦ HER services that add alee and are cost effective† (Donahue, June 1996, Para. 2). This reflects two different kinds of deliverables, adding value and saving cost.Capital asset is used to produce value-added. The way of value creation is usually divided into two forms: material capital and human capital. In the perspective of human capital, it â€Å"refers to the aggregation of knowledge, skills, and vigor endowed in people, and it is the main body of value creation. With the emergence and popularity of human capital theory, people began to attach importance to human capital in economic growth, which accordingly contributes to the increase in human capital investment† (Ghana & Run- titan Jinn, March 2006, Para. ). This shows the tendency of value creation by HARM to the development of an organization. Specifically, HER people should connect right employees to the suitable position while selecting. Afterward, they should train the employees appropriately to deliver valuable and useful information so that new employees could better understand the organization, position, and responsibility. Finally, through performance appraisal, some issues and matters should be fixed. All Hess ways could add value into the organization to improve the progress.Cost saving is another type of deliverables that performs in the opposite way of adding value. It closely related to the financial executives so that the cooperation between financial function and HER function is tight and vital. â€Å"Financial executives need to make sure their organization's HER function runs smoothly and cost efficiently†¦ By performing a structured analysis of HER service delivery, [organizations] often can gain perspective on the proper course to follow to transform the HER function (Donahue, June 1996, Para. 11).The way of cost effectiveness by HARM could be communication among executives an d determination a realizable strategy in order to deliver HER services for equity and diversity in the future. HER isn't Working for You (Neutrality) HARM is restricted by legal labor regulations promulgated by the government authority, such as Equal Employment Opportunity, Fair Labor Standards, and Occupational Safety and Health. In addition, the organization itself has own policies and rules to be followed by HARM. This means HER people have to accept both the outsider and insider supervisions with reasonable caution to make sure it does not UN afoul of the rules.Usually, they pursue standardization and uniformity in the face of a workforce that is heterogeneous and complex because this way is relatively easy to regulate and manage the employees and functions. They have a tension created by HRS role as protector of the organization's assets so that compliance is put in the first place. Nothing would be smooth all the time. There are still some exceptions that violate the strict ru les. These exceptions should be considered by HER people under their management.Therefore, at this time, the way used by HER people o deal with the exceptions is important since it not only shows the capability of adoption, but also relates to the maintenance of relationship between employees and functions. In the article of â€Å"Why We Hate HER†, the author is somewhat radical that all the exceptions are not considered carefully and dealt with well by HER people because they follow the rules strictly without any exception. The author also describes that bureaucrats everywhere abhor exceptions–not Just because they open up the organization to charges of bias, but because they require more than rote solutions.From own viewpoint, the author's explanation is reasonable and understandable, but not absolute. Klein (Seep. 1998) found that â€Å"[Organization] human resource managers†¦ Often get no respect because they work in the so called â€Å"soft† end of th e company and seemingly don't directly affect the bottom line† (Para. 1). This reveals the reason why HER people do not accept some exceptions: the influence of accepting exceptions is diminutive that has no effectiveness and efficiency to the organization. Under this condition, some exceptions are ignored, not Just because HER people are lazy to find the solutions.Therefore, although there may be some excuses from HER people, most exceptions are considered carefully by HER people. The reason why some employees feel ignored may be that HARM do not give out a reasonable explanation timely and persuasively. Conclusion In my opinion, some of the author's main points are reasonable and persuasive, but some others may be somewhat radical. The importance of HARM cannot be ignored. It acts as a transporter between employees and employers, working for both of them. The function of HARM is to add value into the organization and save cost to maintain the worth of the organization.